A void marriage is treated as non-existent from the very beginning . Under the law, it is as if the union never happened . Because it is fundamentally flawed, it can not be fixed by time.
Why a Marriage is Considered Void
Lack of Age: Unions where either party is below 18, even with parental consent .
Lack of Authority : Ceremonies performed by an officer without the legal authority to solemnize marriages.
Absence of License : Marrying without a valid marriage license (unless specifically exempted).
Article 36: When a party is psychologically incapacitated to fulfill essential marital obligations .
Incestuous Marriages : Marriages between close relatives (e.g., siblings or ascendants ).
The Nature of Voidable Marriages
In contrast, a voidable marriage is legally considered binding and subsisting until it is annulled by a competent court . Unlike void marriages , a voidable marriage can be ratified if the injured party cohabits with the other after the ground is removed.
Grounds for Annulment
Lack of Parental Consent : If a party is between 18 and 21 and married without parental permission.
Insanity : If either spouse was mentally ill at the time of the wedding .
Fraud : Consent obtained through deceit (e.g., concealing a criminal record ).
Force or Intimidation : If the marriage was forced through violence .
Physical Incapacity : If one party is physically unable to consummate the marriage.
Comparison Table
The main differences lie in the legal status and the prescriptive period for filing.
| Feature | Void Marriage | Voidable Marriage | | :--- | :--- | :--- | | Status | Never existed | Initially valid | | Healing | Cannot be cured | Can be validated | | Time Limit | Imprescriptible | Limited period | | Legitimacy | Generally illegitimate* | Legitimate |
Note: Under the Family Code, children of marriages declared void due to Psychological Incapacity (Article 36) are considered legitimate.
How to File
To legally end these unions , you must submit a petition in the Regional Trial Court. For a void marriage, you file for a Judicial Declaration of Nullity. For a void vs voidable marriage philippines voidable marriage, you petition for an Annulment .
Speaking with a qualified family lawyer in the Philippines is highly recommended to manage your petition is processed correctly.